Excessive fitness training can result in collapse or even death.
As an increasing number of Nigerians recognize the advantages of physical activity and fitness programs, senior healthcare professionals have cautioned against the dangers of excessive exercise and overexertion.
The experts have encouraged fitness enthusiasts to engage in moderate training regimens to promote long-term health and wellness, emphasizing that overly intense workouts can result in serious health issues, including sudden collapse and, in extreme situations, death.
They also recommended that individuals seek professional advice to establish suitable fitness plans rather than relying on self-directed intense workout schedules.
Rufus Adedoyin, a Professor of Physiotherapy at Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile-Ife, Osun State, stated that while regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining optimal health, it should be approached with care.
He pointed out that overexertion can lead to injuries, muscle strains, frustration, and, in rare cases, fatalities.
"Exercise can be misused just like drugs. We have observed instances where individuals push themselves too hard and sustain serious injuries. This is why proper assessment and guidance are essential. If someone is overtraining or exercising improperly, they may experience joint injuries, bone fractures, muscle strains, or tendon damage. They might also suffer from excessive fatigue, irritability, and mental burnout. In extreme cases, individuals may lose consciousness due to exhaustion. Overtraining can result in chronic pain, severe muscle soreness, and, in rare instances, sudden collapse or even death," he cautioned.
Adedoyin advised fitness enthusiasts to focus on moderate routines instead of high-intensity workouts, which are more appropriate for professional athletes or those with specific fitness objectives.
"I recommend moderate exercises, particularly for those who are not professional athletes. If you are not engaged in competitive sports, prioritize low-impact or moderate-intensity workouts that can be maintained over time. High-intensity training is suitable for specific goals, but for overall well-being, moderate routines are the most advantageous," he concluded.
The physiotherapy expert emphasized the importance of lifestyle changes to enhance fitness outcomes, urging Nigerians to limit their consumption of processed foods and sugary beverages.
"One of the key measures is to reduce the intake of processed and sugary items. While I won't specify brands, it is advisable to steer clear of certain carbonated drinks that are high in sugar," he stated. "Another significant concern is physical inactivity. Remaining seated for extended periods without any movement negatively impacts overall health. It is essential for individuals to seek ways to remain active throughout the day," he continued.
Dr. Chris Okafor, President of the Association of Clinical and Academic Physiotherapists of Nigeria, highlighted the necessity for individuals intending to start an exercise regimen to consult with qualified professionals. This ensures they are fit for exercise and receive guidance on the most suitable types of physical activity.
As an Associate Professor of Physiotherapy at the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Okafor cautioned that improper exercise can lead to negative consequences.
He stressed the importance of monitoring cardiopulmonary health before participating in any physical activities.
"If someone begins exercising without being aware of their cardiopulmonary status or understanding the nature of the exercise they are undertaking, they may be misusing exercise," he explained.
He provided an example, noting that individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension who engage in high-intensity workouts, rather than opting for low- or moderate-intensity exercises, are at risk of misusing exercise.
He remarked, "For someone with high blood pressure, engaging in strenuous exercise is not advisable. Such an individual might join high-intensity workouts at the gym simply because their friends are participating, without being aware of their own health condition."
It is evident that the individual in question is misusing exercise; while they may be engaging in beneficial activities, they are doing so at an inappropriate time and with a body that is not prepared for such intensity. At this moment, low- to moderate-intensity workouts would be more suitable. Additionally, it is likely that the person requires medication to stabilize their blood pressure to a safe level.
Okafor compared exercise to medication, emphasizing the necessity of proper prescriptions.
He stated, “Exercise functions similarly to medicine—it necessitates prescriptions. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals to consult a cardiologist before starting any exercise regimen to assess their cardiopulmonary health. Following this, a physiotherapist should evaluate and suggest the most appropriate type of exercise.
“To summarize, exercise should be prescribed based on professional guidance and the medical clearance of the cardiovascular system by a physician. The doctor must verify that the patient, individual, or athlete is fit to engage in physical activity.
“It is important to note that in Nigeria, there have been numerous instances of individuals collapsing or even dying while participating in sports. This issue affects not only those who seem healthy or are non-athletes but also trained athletes who may experience serious incidents, possibly due to a lack of awareness regarding their cardiovascular health.
“Individuals must perform the correct exercises at the appropriate times and focus on the right muscle groups. Engaging in the right exercise at the wrong time or targeting incorrect muscle groups constitutes misuse as well.”
