Maternal diet may raise hypertension risk in children – Research

A group of researchers from Nigeria has revealed the impact of maternal nutrition on the likelihood of hypertension in children, underscoring the vital importance of dietary choices during pregnancy in determining long-term health outcomes.

The research, spearheaded by Professor Ahmed Oloyo, Head of the Department of Physiology at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, discovered that a diet high in salt during pregnancy may increase the risk of high blood pressure in offspring.

Hypertension, a major contributor to heart disease and early mortality, has been escalating in Nigeria. While it is well-established that lifestyle and dietary factors play a significant role, this study indicates that the risks may originate even before birth.

In their investigation, the researchers utilized animal models to replicate pregnancy conditions, providing pregnant rats with either a high-salt or a normal-salt diet. The blood pressure of their offspring was subsequently measured at 12 weeks of age.

The results indicated that the young of mothers who consumed high-salt diets exhibited significantly higher blood pressure and compromised blood vessel function.

Additionally, these offspring showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers in their blood, suggesting an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

In an exclusive interview, Oloyo remarked, “Many Nigerian households often depend on processed foods, canned items, and excessive seasoning, which leads to higher salt intake.

“If expectant mothers are not aware of these risks, they may inadvertently increase their children's vulnerability to hypertension. This research marks the beginning of an essential dialogue regarding maternal health and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.”

He emphasized the necessity for government action, public awareness campaigns, and enhanced prenatal healthcare to address the growing issue of hypertension.

“There is a saying, ‘We are what we eat,’ but we should also consider, ‘Are we what our parents consumed?’ Our dietary and lifestyle decisions today can influence the health of future generations. The time to take action is now,” he concluded.

A member of the research team, Dr Abdullahi Adejare, said the study underscores the fact that hypertension is not only an adult problem.

“Our findings suggest that a mother’s high salt intake during pregnancy may predispose her child to developing hypertension by affecting both blood vessel function and inflammation levels,” he said.

Another researcher, Dr Esther Asamudo, said the study opens up a conversation on maternal health and prevention strategies.

“By understanding the impact of maternal diet on offspring, healthcare providers can develop targeted interventions to improve prenatal care and dietary habits,” she added.

Other members of the research team included the late Emeritus Prof Olusoga Sofola, Khadijat Ismail-Badmus, Santan Olley and Dr Esther Ohihoin from the University of Lagos, and Dr Asamudo from the University of California.